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Exercise’s Impact on Sex Steroid Hormones in Eumenorrheic Females

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In Lahore, Pakistan, a comprehensive review was conducted to explore how exercise influences sex steroid hormones in eumenorrheic females. Utilizing the PRISMA guidelines, the research delved into various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sci-Hub, to gather relevant studies. The review juxtaposed different forms of exercise with non-exercise control groups, assessing the hormonal changes, particularly focusing on estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels. This analysis is pivotal for understanding the broader implications of exercise on female health, particularly in relation to hormonal stability and injury prevention.

Research Methodology

The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Full-length articles were meticulously searched across multiple databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials and single-group experimental studies, comparing various exercise forms against control groups not engaging in exercise. The Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool was employed to screen and assess the quality of the articles, ensuring the reliability of the findings. The primary hormonal outcomes measured were the levels of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

Study Findings

A total of eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising five randomized controlled trials and six quasi-experimental studies. The analysis revealed that exercise did not significantly impact the free estradiol concentration and serum progesterone levels, with p-values of 0.37 and 0.84, respectively. However, a significant effect was observed on testosterone levels, with a p-value less than 0.00001, indicating a notable increase. These findings highlight the complex interaction between physical activity and hormonal levels in females.

Practical Implications

Key takeaways from this research can inform practical approaches:

  • Incorporating regular exercise may not significantly alter estrogen and progesterone levels but can notably increase testosterone.
  • Structured exercise programs for women should include warm-ups, cool-downs, and rest intervals to optimize hormonal balance.
  • Further research with blinded randomized controlled trials is recommended to validate these findings and explore long-term effects.

In conclusion, while exercise has a marked impact on testosterone levels in eumenorrheic females, its effects on other sex steroid hormones like estrogen and progesterone are less pronounced. Future studies should adopt a structured approach, incorporating comprehensive exercise regimens to further elucidate these relationships.

Original Article: BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jun 19;24(1):354. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-03203-y.


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