Recent research utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has revealed significant connections between one-carbon metabolism-related biomarkers and indicators of epigenetic aging among American adults aged 50 and older.
Study Highlights OCM’s Role in Biological Aging
The investigation focused on one-carbon metabolism (OCM), a critical biochemical pathway dependent on micronutrients such as B vitamins. By analyzing serum folate, red blood cell folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels in over two thousand participants, researchers aimed to establish relationships between these OCM biomarkers and various epigenetic age measures, including Horvath1, Horvath2, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge2, DunedinPoAm, and DNA methylation telomere length (DNAmTL).
Folate and Homocysteine Exhibit Significant Associations with Epigenetic Aging
- Doubling serum folate levels correlates with a reduction of 0.82 years in GrimAge epigenetic age deviation.
- Increased homocysteine levels are associated with a 1.93-year rise in GrimAge2 epigenetic age deviation.
- Smoking status and renal function modify the impact of OCM biomarkers on epigenetic aging measures.
These findings indicate that higher folate levels, serving as a carbon donor in OCM, are linked to slower biological aging, as evidenced by lower epigenetic age deviations. Conversely, elevated homocysteine levels, which signal OCM deficiencies, are associated with accelerated epigenetic aging.
The study also highlights that lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol intake, along with renal function, can influence the strength and direction of these associations. For instance, the beneficial effects of folate on epigenetic aging are less pronounced in individuals who smoke or consume alcohol excessively.
Targeted research in populations at high risk of OCM deficiencies or those exhibiting accelerated aging patterns is essential. Additionally, long-term randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine causality and explore the clinical significance of modifying epigenetic age through nutritional interventions.
Implementing dietary strategies that enhance folate intake and reduce homocysteine levels could potentially serve as effective measures to mitigate biological aging processes. Such interventions may contribute to improved healthspan and a decrease in age-related diseases, offering tangible benefits for public health.
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