A groundbreaking study has introduced a novel classification system for insular gliomas, aiming to better understand the clinical features and survival outcomes associated with different tumor spreads. This new classification divides tumors into three types based on their spread: type 1 tumors are restricted to the paralimbic system, type 2 tumors invade the limbic system, and type 3 tumors involve additional internal capsule areas. The study, which analyzed 283 patients with histological grade 2 and 3 insular gliomas, reveals significant differences in patient age at diagnosis, tumor growth rate, and survival outcomes among the three types.
Clinical Features and Tumor Spread
Type 3 insular gliomas were associated with older age at diagnosis and larger preoperative tumor volumes. These tumors were more frequently diagnosed as IDH wild type and had higher Ki-67 index rates, indicating a more aggressive nature. Additionally, patients with type 3 tumors were less likely to achieve gross total resection during surgery.
In contrast, type 1 tumors exhibited a slower growth rate compared to type 2 tumors, with mean growth rates of 3.3% per month and 19.8% per month, respectively. These findings highlight the biological diversity among insular gliomas and underscore the importance of tumor classification in predicting clinical outcomes.
Prognostic Value and Surgical Strategies
Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the extent of resection, IDH status, and tumor spread type as independent predictors of overall survival. Specifically, a more extensive resection was associated with better survival outcomes, while IDH wild-type status and type 3 tumor spread were linked to poorer prognosis. The analysis also highlighted the significance of tumor grade, resection extent, IDH status, and spread type in predicting progression-free survival.
This classification system offers valuable insights into the biological characteristics and clinical behavior of insular gliomas, which can inform surgical strategies and improve patient management. By identifying tumors with more aggressive features, clinicians can tailor treatment plans to enhance patient outcomes.
Key Takeaways for Clinicians
- Type 3 tumors are more aggressive, often diagnosed in older patients, and have higher preoperative volumes.
- Type 1 tumors grow more slowly compared to type 2 and type 3 tumors.
- Extent of resection, IDH status, and tumor spread type are critical factors in predicting overall and progression-free survival.
The proposed classification system for insular gliomas not only aids in predicting patient prognosis but also has potential applications in developing targeted surgical approaches. Understanding the specific characteristics of each tumor type can lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Original Article: Cancer Med. 2024 Jun;13(11):e7377. doi: 10.1002/cam4.7377.
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